GAREEFKA LAQAD-SOOMAALIGA
GAREEFKA AFKA SOOMAALIGA
Η νοηματική γλώσσα της Σομαλίας
In badan baa aqoonyahanno iyo waxbareyaal kalaba
baafiyeen erey Soomaali u taagnaada macnaha NAXWE ee Carabiga ah, ama
GRAMMAR
ee Ingiriisiga ah/INGILISH-KA/ENGLISH-ka ah, oo isagu ba ka soo jeeda oo ah Tiraab Giriig ah [GARAAMATIKII-Γραμματική]. Waxa jirta marka waxbare uu dhigayo halgedda af Soomaaliga, waxaa habboon inuu u helo tiraabo Soomaali-ah, oo aan sitooyinkiisu tiraabaha ah ee uu ardayda wax ku aqsiinayaa aanay ahaanin ereyo kale oo qalaad, ama se shisheeye taasoo sureerkii ama se mirdihii wax dhigistiisa wax u dhimi karta. Marka
aynu dhigayno AFKA LAQADKA , dhihi mayno LUQAD, inagoo dhihi karna sida aynu in badan hore u soo aragnay.
Mar kale marka aynu dhigayno xeerarka u degsan Laqadka/afka dhihi mayno NAXWE –waxa aynu
dhahaynaa GAREEF[GARNAANMAR ]- Waa ereybixin macnaha aynu dhigayno tilmaamaysa oo laga
dhadhansan karo ama lugu dhadhansan karo.Si-ahaan, GAREEF wuxuu ahaaday ereybixinta ugu habboonaatay
ee ku aadan micnaha GRAMMAR: In kastoo aan arkay Soomaaliyeynta oo la dhahayo GARNAANMAR:Oo aan ka horaynin (GRAMMAR)GARAAMAR oo la Somaaliyeeyay/[ Hore Waxa Aan U Adeegsaday EREYBIXIN GAR*EEF waxa uu ku haboonaaday Ereytiraabka-kan ah GAREEF oo u gurta ama se u dhurta GARAAD- Waa TIRAAB ku jiray Af-Soomaaliga Oo Leh Dhowr Macne 1- Garaad: Waa Maanka, Waa Kaska, Waa Miyirka, Waa Maskaxda, Waa Bidaalka. 2- Garaad: Waa Madax Dhaqan Oo Talo Iyo Gar Loogu Yimaado 3- Garaad Uu U Dhurto: = Grammar = Waa Kala Hagaha Iyo Ku Tusiyaha Tubta Toosan Ee Laqadka Soomaaligu Leeyahay Ama Se Afka Soomaaligu Leeyahay]
Murdiye(COMPILER)-ahaan waxa aan soo wada
xuuraamaa, inta ereybixinood, ee bulshada inta aan ka gaadho, ay hayaan, ama
soo bandhigaan, anigoo isku miisaamaya, rogrogaya oo jafjafaya, kadibna JAAF(PANEL)
la raadsanaya kala sarjara ereybixinnada helmoonaaday.
Isweydiinta koowaad, waxa ay tahay, waa maxay NAXWE
ama GRAMMAR?
– Haddii La Dhaho: GARNAANMAR Qeexniinku kama foga GAR!.[F.G. Cahdigii Nabiy Aadam Laqadkii Jiray Waxa Gareefku Ku Koobnaa GAR!]Marka aad Garnaanmar dhahayso! Grammar Is Law Of Language! = Waa Gardhaha Uu Laqadka-Afku Leeyahay: [GAREEF: WAA XEERARKA IYO QODOBADA U DEGSAN KU HADALKA AFKA IYO KU HAWRAARTANKA FARAFKIISA LAQADKA AMA AFKA SOOMAALIGA]. Carabi ahaantana haddii aynu isku dayno qeexniinka ...Waa sida loogu
hadlo, NAXWE-hu. waxa kaloo uu leeyahay, Qqawaacid Al-Luqah:
Oo ah salalka ama satiyada laqadka/afka. Qqaawaacid waa Foormulooyin:- oo
ka dhigan saltiyada sida aynu soo xusnay.
Bulshada waxbaradka ah, ee Soomaalidu, waxa ay u kala
rabacan yihiin,rabac-rabac waxa dooqaabka Meeranaha (Colloquially) lagu dhaho ::TIIBO:: 1. Tiibo-Carabiy
; 2. Tiibo Ingiriisi, 3. Tiibo-Talyaani; 4. Tiibo-Faransiis; 5. Tiibo-Massriy, 6-Tiibo Turkiy, 7-Tiibo Jarmal 8- Tiibo Ruush 10- Tiibo Maraykan 11- Tiiba Iskendeneefiy 12- Tiibo Ithiyoopiyaan 13- Tiibo Sawaahiliy 14-Tiibo Shiine 15- Tiibo Japaan 16-Tiibo Soomaalida.: oo ah tiibadii u danbaysay ee soo korodhay ka dib markii afka aqsiimoda/Laqadka Aqsiimada (The Language of instruction)-ka laga
dhigay Soomaali. Tiiba kastaa afka aqsiimadooda ayay ku dhegsan yihiin. Dhamaan
tiibooyinkaas marka la barbardhigo TIIBO-SOOMAALI-da ereyadooda ama tiraabahoodu
waa ay ku xasilloon yihiin, ama u sugan yihiin, laqadkii afka ay wax ku soo barteen.
Waxa xilad tiraabeed ama xasillooni la’aanta tiraabeed ku dhex sugnaa Tiibo-Soomaalida,awoduna waxay tahay, iyadoo tiibooyinkaas ay ugu danbeeyeen Tiibo Soomaalidu iyo iyadoo dhami iskugu imanayaan geba-gebada halka TIIBO-SOOMAALIDU joogto, marka Laqadka af-Soomaaliga loo gol-leeyahay, markaas waa-na tiibada aynu habaynayno tiraabtooda.
Bulshada ama waxbaradka Soomaalida ee kala tiibada
ahi, waa ay soo badanayaan, kadib intii ay Soomaali badani, u qaxeen dalalka
dunida. Waxa haatan jira Tiibo-Iskandaneefi, Tiibo-Jarmal, Tiibo-Turki,
Tiibo-Holland,Tiiba Hindi,Tiiba Pakistaani, Tiiba Bangooli, iyo tiibooyin kale oo aanan hadda xusin. Tiibo kastaa waxa ay
wadataa ereyo soogalayti ku ahaanaya MEERANAHA Soomaaliga, oo isagu ah Dooqaab
u saamaxaya in ereyo laqad af kaleeto ahi soo dhexgalaan. Tusaale: waxa la dhihi
jiray “Start garee..ama ISTAADH; “- Tani waxay tilmaamaysaa in ereyo qalaad soo
dhex geli karaan, Laqadka af-Soomaaliga AF-MAALMEED-ka ah. Sidaas laga arki jiray
DOOQAAB-kan Laqad Af-maalmeedka ah, ama MEERANAHA ah, in ereyo soogalaytiya ay ku
jiraan, ayaa ina tusaysa, in ereyo kaleetana soo geli karaan. Sida ay hore u
soo xusnay, waxa jira DOOQAABYO kale oo af-Soomaaligu leeyahay. Shaxankan hoose waxaan ku tusmaynayaa inta jaad ama dooqaab ee laqadka Soomaaligu leeyahay.
DOOQAAB
Language Variety
|
Cidda Adeegsata
|
Meesha Laga Adeegsado
|
Midhamuulkiisa
It’sVocabulary
|
1.
LAQBE
Dialect
|
Waxa adeegsata bulsho yar, beel ama qolo.
|
Waxa laga adeegsadaa kanbal(Local), ama degel
qoleed.
|
Waa ereyo sixin u badan, oo ka astaan muuqanaya
sabada uu laqbuhu ka adeegsamo.
|
2. MEERANE
Colloquial
|
Waxa adeegsata bulshaweynta oo dhan.
|
Waxa laga adeegsadaa dalka oo dhan.
|
Waxa uu iskugu jiraa ereyo sixin, ereyo qalaad, iyo
ereybixinno.
|
3.
GURAAB
Slang
|
Rabac isyaqaana oo isku jaal ah.
|
Degmo, xaafad, ama suuq.
|
Waa ereyo sixin, qalaad, iyo ereybixinno.
|
4. INTIRAAB
Jargon
|
Rabac isku shaqo ah, ama isku xirfad ah.
|
Xarun shaqo, ama goob shaqo.
|
Waa ereyo sixin, qalaad iyo ereybixinno.
|
5. SOOBAAN
Prosaic
|
Dadka wax qora, ardayda, iyo waxbaradka.
|
Dalka oo dhan, xafiisyada, iyo dugsiyada ama
goshiyada.
|
Ereyo sixin, ereybixinno iyo ereyo tiraabeed qalaad oo
waxbarashada gala.
|
5.1.
Laqad Goshi
Academic
|
Goshifanadyada----(Academicians).
|
Dugsiyada,Jaamacadaha/Barkoobyada
|
Ereyo sixin, ereybixinno ah tiraabo, iyo ereyo
qalaad oo ah tiraabo.
|
5.2.
Laqad Habboon
Formal
|
Cid kasta oo edeb ku saljoogta.
|
Dalka oo dhan.
|
Ereyo sixin, ereybixinno, iyo ereyo qalaad.
|
5.3.
Laqad Qornaanle
Written
|
Cid kasta oo tixraacda buugaagta.
|
Dalka oo dhan
|
Ereyo sixin, ereybixinno, iyo ereyo qalaad.
|
5.4.
Laqad Rasmiya
Official
|
Waxa adeegsada saraakiisha, iyo shaqaalaha dawladda
|
Waxa laga adeegsadaa xafiisyada dalka ama dawladda
|
Waa ereyo sixin, ereybixinno, iyo ereyo qalaad oo la
af-Soomaaliyeeyay.
|
5.5.
Laqad Haaneed
Standard
|
Waxa adeegsada dhaqankujoogga—(Conservatives).
|
Waxa laga adeegsadaa dalka oo dhan.
|
Ereyo sixin, ereybixinno, iyo ereyo qalaad.
|
6.SUUGAAN
Literary
|
Abwaanno, suugaanyahanno, iyo taawobileyaal.
|
Dalka oo dhan.
|
Ereyo sixin, ereybixinno, iyo ereyo qalaad oo
tibixqaarka(Qaafiyadda) daraadeed loogu soo darsado tix.
|
Rabacii Tiibo-Soomaaliga ahaa, weli dedaalkoodii may
gabin. Anigu waxbarasho ahaan, ayaa aan u dersay waxa se aan ku horeeyay,
waxbarashadii, TIIBO-CARABIY, kadibna TIIBO-SOOMAALI, kadibna TIIBO-INGIRIISI.
Taasi waxay i geyeysiisay(Inspired me..) in aan ka xoghelo tooxda aqooneed (The Gap):Ee
ku kala dahaysan tiibooyinka. Mararka aan wax tiraabayo, waxa aan ka mucqaataa
Tiibo-ka mida tiibooyinkayga seddexda ah. Sidoo kale Waxbarad kasta oo Soomaali
ahi, waxa uu ka mucqaataa, tiibadii uu ku soo waxbartay, ee u ahaa Laqadka/Afka Aqsiimada.
Waxbarad kasta laqadka/afka aqsiimadiisu waa raad aanuu iska tirtiri karin oo ku
daabacan laabtiisa. Taasina waxa ay ka muuqanaysaa saamaynta laqadkiisa/afkiisa Soomaaliga
ah uu ku lahaanayo laqadkii/afkii uu ku soo waxbartay ee lagu aqsiin jiray.
Dawladihii Soomaalida madaxbanaanida soo gaadhsiiyay
sida Talyaaniga, Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska, iyaga laqadyadoodoo/afafkoodu raadkii ay kaga
tageen waa mid ku dhex taalleysan Meeranaha af-Soomaaliga. Tusaale: waxa aynu
maqalnaa, “Kaniifka ayuu ku jiraa..!
Waa suuliga ayuu ku jiraa!(Faransiis)” ...”Taraag
baan ka soo galay!...Waa socdaal baan ka imid!(Ingiriisi)”...”Ala –sey buu kacay!...Lixdii aroornimo
ayuu toosay!(Talyaani)” ...Ulajeedadu maaha raadadkaas ayaynu tirtiraynaa ,
maxaayeelay, Meeranaha Soomaaligu ma sii jirayo haddii aynu yool ka dhigano
sidaas. Balse, waxa jidaysan, in la aqoonsanaado, dad kasta oo aynu la soo
macaamilnay in raad laqad/afeed uu Meeranaha ka soo galayo. Taas ayaa aan tilmaamayaa
in tiibooyinka Soomaalidu badanayaan.
Tusaale mucqaadasho: Carabtu Satelite-ka waxay dhahdaa
“Qqamar-Ssanaaci!” Waxbarad Soomaali ah, oo tiibo Carabiya, ayaa u tiraabay
Soomaalida, oo dhahay”Dayaxgacmeed”. Sidoo kale, waxbarad kastaa, tiibada uu
yahay ayuu mucsitaa, oo uu ka soo mucqaadanayaa, marka uu ereybixin inoo
tiraabayo. Isweydiin baa imanaysa...Waxbaradka Tiibo Soomaaliga ahi, xagee buu
ka soo mucqaataa isagu?...Waxa uu ka soo mucqaataa Suugaanta Soomaaliga. Waxaa
helmoon suugaan Soomaali, badan oo laga mucqaadan karo, Gabayo, Heeso,
Geeraaro, Guurrowyo, iwm.
Mucqaadashada Suugaantu, waxay ku hodan tahay, Tiraabo
Suugaaneed(Literary Terms)...Laqad/Af kasta oo maanta jira, oo ah laqad/af horumarsan,
tiraabaha suugaaneed ayaa u soo horeeyay, kadib ayuu laqad/af walba yeeshay, Tiraabo Kasmasho(Scientific
Terms), Tiraabo Farsamo(Technical Terms), iyo Tiraabo Garne(Legal Terms).
Haddii laqad/af Soomaaliga la-la doonayo, inuu horumaro, kama fursanayso, in loo
jafjafo tiraabaha ka dhiman, ee aynu soo xusnay. Si loogu kala warqaato, loogu
kala warbogto, guud ahaan , loogu kala warguto.
Rabacii Tiibo-Soomaaliga, ahaa, waxa ay heerka
waxbarashadoodu ku simanayd DUGSI-SARE, ma ay gaadhsiisnayn heer
hilgan(Advanced), oo ah heer jaamacadeed. Sida lagu ogyahay, waxa jaamacadaha
Soomaaliya, lagu dhigan jiray, oo afka aqsiimada ahaa, Talyaani, ama Ingiriisi.
Taas, micnaheedu maaha, in aan af-Soomaaligu ahaan karaynin laqad/af aqsiimeed hilgan,
waxa se dhinneyd u hawlgalka, waa haddii la doonayo, maxaayeelay, waxa jira
talameel waxbarasheed(Educational Policy), isagu hagaya sida waxbarashadu
ahaanayso. Talameelka ayaan ahayn in heerka hilgan Soomaali laga dhigo, waa si
aan qudheydu siisan karo, maxaayeelay, haddii Soomaali, laga dhigo heerka
hilgan, waxa ardaygu ka hadhayaa, afgarashada uu haatan dunida la wadaagayay,
iyo tixraacyada buugaag kale ee uu xog ka soo xigan lahaa, ayaanuu afgarteen
ardaygu. Af-Soomaaligana kuma dhigaalna buugaag heer waxbarasheedka Jaamacadeed ah oo dunida maanta gaadhsiisan. Weli waa sidii af-Soomaaliga buugaagta ku dhigaalan ee
Qorool(Library) laga helayaa, waa ay kooban yihiin, artoonada waxbarashada(Fields Of Education) ee jirana ma wada daboolayaan. Sidaas darteed
ayaa uu talameelkaasi ku toosan yahay, in laqadka af Soomaaliga gaar ahaantiisa loo
barto HALGED(As A Subject) ahaan, iyo haddii uu sii hilganaado ARTOON(As A Field)
ahaan, laga gaadhi karo, kow Heertanka Yoodlaha(Bachelor Degree), Heertanka
Yahanka(Masters Degree), iyo Heertanka Wabayslaha (PHD). Haatan, laqadka af-Soomaaliga
ma sugna Heertan laga gaadhaa(oo DEGREE lagu qaataa), taasna waxa ugu wacan,
iyadoo aan tacabka heertanka gaadhsiin kara weli la gashanin, isku dayayaashuna
kooban yihiin. Ma jirto aqoon ama kasmo lagu soo dhashaa, waxa se lagu hantiyaa
barasho iyo u dedaalgal shimillo(Years) badan qaata.
Waxaad ogaataa, in ardaygii raba inuu heertan ka
gaadho af-Soomaaliga, aanuu ku koobnaanaynin af-Soomaali. Waxa jira laba suraab
waxbarasheed(Educational Title)...Aftahan
oo la mida RHETOR, iyo Yahaf oo la
mida LINGUIST. Aftahanku waxa uu ku aftahamo lahaadaa, laqadkaas/afkaas uu ku hodanka
yahay, bulshada Soomaalida aftahannadu waa ay ku badan yihiin, sida aftahan
lagu noqdaana ma tilmaamana waa si dadban, waxa la dhahaa BOWSI ayuu ku gaadhay
hebel aftahamada. Balse, sida YAHAF lagu noqdaa waa waxbarasho tilmaaman,
waxbartuhuna kuma koobnaado laqad/af keliya, balse waxa uu kala bartaa dhowr laqad/af, oo
uu YAHAF ku noqdaa. Halkaasna waa la kala garan karaa BOWSI-ga iyo BARASHADA,
iyo sida labadaba aqoonta ama kasmada laqadka/afka loogu gaadhi karo.
ABSTRACT NOUN = MAGAC DUUNAATIYA
ACCENT = JAWAQ
ACRONYM = MINTIBXAYS
ADDRESS = NEGEL-ka[Hore waxa aan loo kala tiraabin Address & Title]
ADJECTIVE = SITAAN-ta[ Adjectives/Attributes = Sitaamo]
AFFIX = NUDUB
AFFIXATION =NUDUBAYN/NUDUBAYSI
ART = TAAWO-da
ARTIST = TAAWOBILE[ Taawabila-ha/Taawabilu-hu](TAAWOBILA-Dhedig[Taawabila-da/du)
BODY LANGUAGE = AF DULLUBAATIYA
COGNIZE = HAD
COLLOQUAIL = MEERANE
COMMUNICATION = WARGUDASHO/ISGAADHSANAAN/ISGAADHSIISNAAN
CONCEPT = SAANYAD
CONCRETE NOUN = MAGAC DULLUBAATIYA
CONVERSATION = HAASOWTAN
DESCRIPTION = SIFAALLE
DIALECT = LAQBE
DIALOGUE = HAASAAWE
DICTIONARY = SUUD
ELEMENT = CURNE
ELOQUENCE = AFTAHAMO
ELOQUENT = AFTAHAN
ESSAY = INDEEX
EXCLAMATION MARK = SUNTIYAAB [!]
EXPRESSION = IFAALLE
FACTUAL = HALRUMOOD
FICTION = HALAASI
FIGURATIVE = HIGILOOD
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE = LAQAD HIGILOOD AH
FIGURE = HIGIL
FIGURES OF SPEECH = HIGILLO WAXSHEEG
GRAMMAR = GAREEF
GRASP = TAAB
HARMONIC-FLOW = COD-DAREER[e.g. BARE-HA-noqota-BARA-HA/BARU-HU]
IDEA = MADAAB
IDEOLOGY = MADAABKAS
ILLITERACY = MAFARDHABASHO
ILLITERATE = MAFARDHABTE
INSTRUCTION = AQSIIMO-da
INSTRUCTOR = AQSIIYE-ha
INTERJECTION = SAHAD
INTONATION = NUXASHO
JARGON = INTIRAAB/JACBUR/ JAARGON
LANGUAGE = LAQAD
LESSON = DERSI-ga/DERSIYO-da[Ha ku laqbudin DERIS-ka=Neighbour: DERISYO=Neighbours]
LETTER = TIBIX
LEXEME = ARRAHTI
LEXICAL = ARRAHEED
LEXICON = ARRAHSUUD-ka
LEXIS = ARRAH
LINGUIST = YAHAF
LINGUISTIC = YAHAFOOD
LINGUISTICS = YAHAFTAN
LITERARY = SUUGAANOOD
LITERARY POEM = TIX SUUGAANOOD
LITERACY = FARDHABASHO
LITERATE = FARDHABTE
LITERATURE = QORNAANLE
LYRIC = MAANSO
MONOLOGUE = HALSAAWE
MORPHEME = GEDEYNTI
MORPHOLOGY = GEDBIS-ka/GEDBIN-ta
NARRATION = WARAANWARYO
ORAL = ORAF
ORAL SOCIETY = BULSHO ORAFOOD
ORATOR = CODKAR
OUTSPOKEN = ORBAXLE
PARADIGM = MASATUSE
PHONETICS = DHAWAQTAN
PHONEME = DHAWAQTI
PHONOLOGY = DHAWAQKASYO/DHAWAQGARAN
PHRASE = TIBAAX
POETIC = TIXOOD
POETIC DEVICES = DAABAB TIXOOD
POETRY = TIXTIRIS/GABAYTAN
PROSAIC = SOOBAAN
PROSE = TIRAABEED/SOOBAAN
PROSE POEM = TIX TIRAABNIMO/TIX SOOBAANEED
PROSE POETRY = TIXTIRIS (TIRAABNIMO)SOOBAANEED
RECEPIENT LANGUAGE = AFKA GOLAN
RHETOR = DEEXLE
RHETORIC = DEEXASHO
RHETORICAL = DEEXASHOOD
SCIENCE = KASMO /KASMASHO
SCRIPT = DHIGIL
SCRIPTURE = DHIGILDAAB
SEMANTICS = DHADHANTAN
SEMEME = DHADHANTI
SENSE = DOOC
SLANG = GURAAB
SOCIOLECT = LAQAN/GACALTOOYO DAD U DHEXAYSA
SOCIOLINGUISTICS = YAHAFTAN-BULSHEED
SOUND = JABAQ/JAMAQ
SOURCE LANGUAGE = LAQADKA HORAN
SPEECH = CODBAAN-TA/CODBEYN-TA
STORY = SHEEKO
SYLLABLE = DHAWAAB-ta[Dhawaabo-ha] – Hore waxa loo dhahay ALAN
SYNTACTIC = TAXDIYOOD
SYNTAX = TAXDI
TALE = WARSHEEKO
TERM = TIRAAB – Hore waxa loo dhahay TIBIX
TERMINOLOGY= TIRAABGAN
TERMS OF A POEM = TIRAABO TIXOOD
TEXT = LAFDI-ga [TEXTS= Lafdi-yo]
THEORY = ORDHE-HA – Hore waxa loo dhahay ARAGTI
THEORETICAL = ORDHOOD
THEOREM = ARAGTIIN
THOUGHT = MADAAQ
TITLE = SURAAB-KA[e.g.Midane,Marwo,Boowe,Baayo,]
TONE = NUX-DA
USAGE = DHABADLE
UTTER = HADAAQ
UTTERANCE = HADAQYEEDH
VERBAL = ORAFEED/CODAFEED
VOCABULARY = MIDHAMUUL
VOICE = COD
WORD-COINAGE = EREYBIXIN
