GAREEF: Grammar

GAREEFKA LAQAD-SOOMAALIGA

GAREEFKA AFKA SOOMAALIGA

Η νοηματική γλώσσα της Σομαλίας

In badan baa aqoonyahanno iyo waxbareyaal kalaba baafiyeen erey Soomaali u taagnaada macnaha NAXWE ee Carabiga ah, ama GRAMMAR ee Ingiriisiga ah/INGILISH-KA/ENGLISH-ka ah, oo isagu ba ka soo jeeda oo ah Tiraab Giriig ah [GARAAMATIKII-Γραμματική]. Waxa jirta marka waxbare uu dhigayo halgedda af Soomaaliga, waxaa habboon inuu u helo tiraabo  Soomaali-ah, oo aan sitooyinkiisu tiraabaha ah ee uu ardayda wax ku aqsiinayaa aanay ahaanin ereyo kale oo qalaad, ama se shisheeye taasoo sureerkii ama se mirdihii wax dhigistiisa wax u dhimi karta. Marka aynu dhigayno AFKA LAQADKA , dhihi mayno LUQAD,  inagoo dhihi karna sida aynu in badan hore u soo aragnay. Mar kale marka aynu dhigayno xeerarka u degsan Laqadka/afka dhihi mayno NAXWE –waxa aynu dhahaynaa GAREEF[GARNAANMAR ]- Waa ereybixin macnaha aynu dhigayno tilmaamaysa oo laga dhadhansan karo ama lugu dhadhansan karo.Si-ahaan, GAREEF wuxuu ahaaday ereybixinta ugu habboonaatay ee ku aadan micnaha GRAMMAR: In kastoo aan arkay Soomaaliyeynta oo la dhahayo GARNAANMAR:Oo aan ka horaynin (GRAMMAR)GARAAMAR oo la Somaaliyeeyay/[ Hore Waxa Aan U Adeegsaday EREYBIXIN GAR*EEF waxa uu ku haboonaaday Ereytiraabka-kan ah GAREEF oo u gurta ama se u dhurta GARAAD- Waa TIRAAB ku jiray Af-Soomaaliga Oo Leh Dhowr Macne 1- Garaad: Waa Maanka, Waa Kaska, Waa Miyirka, Waa Maskaxda, Waa Bidaalka. 2- Garaad: Waa Madax Dhaqan Oo Talo Iyo Gar Loogu Yimaado 3- Garaad Uu U Dhurto: = Grammar = Waa Kala Hagaha Iyo Ku Tusiyaha Tubta Toosan Ee Laqadka Soomaaligu Leeyahay Ama Se Afka Soomaaligu Leeyahay]

Murdiye(COMPILER)-ahaan waxa aan soo wada xuuraamaa, inta ereybixinood, ee bulshada inta aan ka gaadho, ay hayaan, ama soo bandhigaan, anigoo isku miisaamaya, rogrogaya oo jafjafaya, kadibna JAAF(PANEL) la raadsanaya kala sarjara ereybixinnada helmoonaaday.

Isweydiinta koowaad, waxa ay tahay, waa maxay NAXWE ama GRAMMAR? – Haddii La Dhaho: GARNAANMAR Qeexniinku kama foga GAR!.[F.G. Cahdigii Nabiy Aadam Laqadkii Jiray Waxa Gareefku Ku Koobnaa GAR!]Marka aad Garnaanmar dhahayso! Grammar Is Law Of Language! = Waa Gardhaha Uu Laqadka-Afku Leeyahay: [GAREEF: WAA  XEERARKA IYO QODOBADA U DEGSAN KU HADALKA AFKA IYO KU HAWRAARTANKA FARAFKIISA LAQADKA AMA AFKA SOOMAALIGA]. Carabi ahaantana haddii aynu isku dayno qeexniinka ...Waa sida loogu hadlo, NAXWE-hu. waxa kaloo uu leeyahay, Qqawaacid Al-Luqah: Oo ah salalka ama satiyada laqadka/afka. Qqaawaacid waa Foormulooyin:- oo ka dhigan saltiyada sida aynu soo xusnay.

Bulshada waxbaradka ah, ee Soomaalidu, waxa ay u kala rabacan yihiin,rabac-rabac waxa dooqaabka Meeranaha (Colloquially)  lagu dhaho ::TIIBO:: 1. Tiibo-Carabiy ; 2. Tiibo Ingiriisi, 3. Tiibo-Talyaani; 4. Tiibo-Faransiis; 5. Tiibo-Massriy, 6-Tiibo Turkiy, 7-Tiibo Jarmal  8- Tiibo Ruush 10- Tiibo Maraykan 11- Tiiba Iskendeneefiy 12- Tiibo Ithiyoopiyaan 13- Tiibo Sawaahiliy 14-Tiibo Shiine 15- Tiibo Japaan 16-Tiibo Soomaalida.: oo ah tiibadii u danbaysay ee soo korodhay ka dib markii afka aqsiimoda/Laqadka Aqsiimada (The Language of instruction)-ka laga dhigay Soomaali. Tiiba kastaa afka aqsiimadooda ayay ku dhegsan yihiin. Dhamaan tiibooyinkaas marka la barbardhigo  TIIBO-SOOMAALI-da ereyadooda ama tiraabahoodu waa ay ku xasilloon yihiin, ama u sugan yihiin, laqadkii afka ay wax ku soo barteen. Waxa xilad tiraabeed ama xasillooni la’aanta tiraabeed ku dhex sugnaa Tiibo-Soomaalida,awoduna waxay tahay, iyadoo tiibooyinkaas ay ugu danbeeyeen Tiibo Soomaalidu iyo iyadoo dhami iskugu imanayaan geba-gebada halka TIIBO-SOOMAALIDU joogto, marka Laqadka af-Soomaaliga loo gol-leeyahay, markaas waa-na tiibada aynu habaynayno tiraabtooda.

Bulshada ama waxbaradka Soomaalida ee kala tiibada ahi, waa ay soo badanayaan, kadib intii ay Soomaali badani, u qaxeen dalalka dunida. Waxa haatan jira Tiibo-Iskandaneefi, Tiibo-Jarmal, Tiibo-Turki, Tiibo-Holland,Tiiba Hindi,Tiiba Pakistaani, Tiiba Bangooli, iyo tiibooyin kale oo aanan hadda xusin. Tiibo kastaa waxa ay wadataa ereyo soogalayti ku ahaanaya MEERANAHA Soomaaliga, oo isagu ah Dooqaab u saamaxaya in ereyo laqad af kaleeto ahi soo dhexgalaan. Tusaale: waxa la dhihi jiray “Start garee..ama ISTAADH; “- Tani waxay tilmaamaysaa in ereyo qalaad soo dhex geli karaan, Laqadka af-Soomaaliga AF-MAALMEED-ka ah. Sidaas laga arki jiray DOOQAAB-kan Laqad Af-maalmeedka ah, ama MEERANAHA ah, in ereyo soogalaytiya ay ku jiraan, ayaa ina tusaysa, in ereyo kaleetana soo geli karaan. Sida ay hore u soo xusnay, waxa jira DOOQAABYO kale oo af-Soomaaligu leeyahay. Shaxankan hoose waxaan ku tusmaynayaa inta jaad ama dooqaab ee laqadka Soomaaligu leeyahay.

DOOQAAB Language Variety	Cidda Adeegsata	Meesha Laga Adeegsado	Midhamuulkiisa It’sVocabulary
1.     LAQBE Dialect	Waxa adeegsata bulsho yar, beel ama qolo.	Waxa laga adeegsadaa kanbal(Local), ama degel qoleed.	Waa ereyo sixin u badan, oo ka astaan muuqanaya sabada uu laqbuhu ka adeegsamo.
2.  MEERANE Colloquial	Waxa adeegsata bulshaweynta oo dhan.	Waxa laga adeegsadaa dalka oo dhan.	Waxa uu iskugu jiraa ereyo sixin, ereyo qalaad, iyo ereybixinno.
3.     GURAAB           Slang	Rabac isyaqaana oo isku jaal ah.	Degmo, xaafad, ama suuq.	Waa ereyo sixin, qalaad, iyo ereybixinno.
4. INTIRAAB Jargon	Rabac isku shaqo ah, ama isku xirfad ah.	Xarun shaqo, ama goob shaqo.	Waa ereyo sixin, qalaad iyo ereybixinno.
5.  SOOBAAN Prosaic	Dadka wax qora, ardayda, iyo waxbaradka.	Dalka oo dhan, xafiisyada, iyo dugsiyada ama goshiyada.	Ereyo sixin, ereybixinno iyo ereyo tiraabeed qalaad oo waxbarashada gala.
5.1. Laqad Goshi Academic	Goshifanadyada----(Academicians).	Dugsiyada,Jaamacadaha/Barkoobyada	Ereyo sixin, ereybixinno ah tiraabo, iyo ereyo qalaad oo ah tiraabo.
5.2. Laqad Habboon Formal	Cid kasta oo edeb ku saljoogta.	Dalka oo dhan.	Ereyo sixin, ereybixinno, iyo ereyo qalaad.
5.3. Laqad Qornaanle Written	Cid kasta oo tixraacda buugaagta.	Dalka oo dhan	Ereyo sixin, ereybixinno, iyo ereyo qalaad.
5.4. Laqad Rasmiya Official	Waxa adeegsada saraakiisha, iyo shaqaalaha dawladda	Waxa laga adeegsadaa xafiisyada dalka ama dawladda	Waa ereyo sixin, ereybixinno, iyo ereyo qalaad oo la af-Soomaaliyeeyay.
5.5. Laqad Haaneed Standard	Waxa adeegsada dhaqankujoogga—(Conservatives).	Waxa laga adeegsadaa dalka oo dhan.	Ereyo sixin, ereybixinno, iyo ereyo qalaad.
6.SUUGAAN          Literary	Abwaanno, suugaanyahanno, iyo taawobileyaal.	Dalka oo dhan.	Ereyo sixin, ereybixinno, iyo ereyo qalaad oo tibixqaarka(Qaafiyadda) daraadeed loogu soo darsado tix.

Rabacii Tiibo-Soomaaliga ahaa, weli dedaalkoodii may gabin. Anigu waxbarasho ahaan, ayaa aan u dersay waxa se aan ku horeeyay, waxbarashadii, TIIBO-CARABIY, kadibna TIIBO-SOOMAALI, kadibna TIIBO-INGIRIISI. Taasi waxay i geyeysiisay(Inspired me..) in aan ka xoghelo tooxda aqooneed (The Gap):Ee ku kala dahaysan tiibooyinka. Mararka aan wax tiraabayo, waxa aan ka mucqaataa Tiibo-ka mida tiibooyinkayga seddexda ah. Sidoo kale Waxbarad kasta oo Soomaali ahi, waxa uu ka mucqaataa, tiibadii uu ku soo waxbartay, ee u ahaa Laqadka/Afka Aqsiimada. Waxbarad kasta laqadka/afka aqsiimadiisu waa raad aanuu iska tirtiri karin oo ku daabacan laabtiisa. Taasina waxa ay ka muuqanaysaa saamaynta laqadkiisa/afkiisa Soomaaliga ah uu ku lahaanayo laqadkii/afkii uu ku soo waxbartay ee lagu aqsiin jiray.

Dawladihii Soomaalida madaxbanaanida soo gaadhsiiyay sida Talyaaniga, Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska, iyaga laqadyadoodoo/afafkoodu raadkii ay kaga tageen waa mid ku dhex taalleysan Meeranaha af-Soomaaliga. Tusaale: waxa aynu maqalnaa, “Kaniifka ayuu ku jiraa..! Waa suuliga ayuu ku jiraa!(Faransiis)” ...”Taraag baan ka soo galay!...Waa socdaal baan ka imid!(Ingiriisi)”...”Ala –sey buu kacay!...Lixdii aroornimo ayuu toosay!(Talyaani)” ...Ulajeedadu maaha raadadkaas ayaynu tirtiraynaa , maxaayeelay, Meeranaha Soomaaligu ma sii jirayo haddii aynu yool ka dhigano sidaas. Balse, waxa jidaysan, in la aqoonsanaado, dad kasta oo aynu la soo macaamilnay in raad laqad/afeed uu Meeranaha ka soo galayo. Taas ayaa aan tilmaamayaa in tiibooyinka Soomaalidu badanayaan.

Tusaale mucqaadasho: Carabtu Satelite-ka waxay dhahdaa “Qqamar-Ssanaaci!” Waxbarad Soomaali ah, oo tiibo Carabiya, ayaa u tiraabay Soomaalida, oo dhahay”Dayaxgacmeed”. Sidoo kale, waxbarad kastaa, tiibada uu yahay ayuu mucsitaa, oo uu ka soo mucqaadanayaa, marka uu ereybixin inoo tiraabayo. Isweydiin baa imanaysa...Waxbaradka Tiibo Soomaaliga ahi, xagee buu ka soo mucqaataa isagu?...Waxa uu ka soo mucqaataa Suugaanta Soomaaliga. Waxaa helmoon suugaan Soomaali, badan oo laga mucqaadan karo, Gabayo, Heeso, Geeraaro, Guurrowyo, iwm.

Mucqaadashada Suugaantu, waxay ku hodan tahay, Tiraabo Suugaaneed(Literary Terms)...Laqad/Af kasta oo maanta jira, oo ah laqad/af horumarsan, tiraabaha suugaaneed ayaa u soo horeeyay, kadib ayuu laqad/af walba yeeshay, Tiraabo Kasmasho(Scientific Terms), Tiraabo Farsamo(Technical Terms), iyo Tiraabo Garne(Legal Terms). Haddii laqad/af Soomaaliga la-la doonayo, inuu horumaro, kama fursanayso, in loo jafjafo tiraabaha ka dhiman, ee aynu soo xusnay. Si loogu kala warqaato, loogu kala warbogto, guud ahaan , loogu kala warguto.

Rabacii Tiibo-Soomaaliga, ahaa, waxa ay heerka waxbarashadoodu ku simanayd DUGSI-SARE, ma ay gaadhsiisnayn heer hilgan(Advanced), oo ah heer jaamacadeed. Sida lagu ogyahay, waxa jaamacadaha Soomaaliya, lagu dhigan jiray, oo afka aqsiimada ahaa, Talyaani, ama Ingiriisi. Taas, micnaheedu maaha, in aan af-Soomaaligu ahaan karaynin laqad/af aqsiimeed hilgan, waxa se dhinneyd u hawlgalka, waa haddii la doonayo, maxaayeelay, waxa jira talameel waxbarasheed(Educational Policy), isagu hagaya sida waxbarashadu ahaanayso. Talameelka ayaan ahayn in heerka hilgan Soomaali laga dhigo, waa si aan qudheydu siisan karo, maxaayeelay, haddii Soomaali, laga dhigo heerka hilgan, waxa ardaygu ka hadhayaa, afgarashada uu haatan dunida la wadaagayay, iyo tixraacyada buugaag kale ee uu xog ka soo xigan lahaa, ayaanuu afgarteen ardaygu. Af-Soomaaligana kuma dhigaalna buugaag heer waxbarasheedka Jaamacadeed ah oo dunida maanta gaadhsiisan. Weli waa sidii af-Soomaaliga buugaagta ku dhigaalan ee Qorool(Library) laga helayaa, waa ay kooban yihiin, artoonada waxbarashada(Fields Of Education) ee jirana ma wada daboolayaan. Sidaas darteed ayaa uu talameelkaasi ku toosan yahay, in laqadka af Soomaaliga gaar ahaantiisa loo barto HALGED(As A Subject) ahaan, iyo haddii uu sii hilganaado ARTOON(As A Field) ahaan, laga gaadhi karo, kow Heertanka Yoodlaha(Bachelor Degree), Heertanka Yahanka(Masters Degree), iyo Heertanka Wabayslaha (PHD). Haatan, laqadka af-Soomaaliga ma sugna Heertan laga gaadhaa(oo DEGREE lagu qaataa), taasna waxa ugu wacan, iyadoo aan tacabka heertanka gaadhsiin kara weli la gashanin, isku dayayaashuna kooban yihiin. Ma jirto aqoon ama kasmo lagu soo dhashaa, waxa se lagu hantiyaa barasho iyo u dedaalgal shimillo(Years) badan qaata.

Waxaad ogaataa, in ardaygii raba inuu heertan ka gaadho af-Soomaaliga, aanuu ku koobnaanaynin af-Soomaali. Waxa jira laba suraab waxbarasheed(Educational Title)...Aftahan oo la mida RHETOR, iyo Yahaf oo la mida LINGUIST. Aftahanku waxa uu ku aftahamo lahaadaa, laqadkaas/afkaas uu ku hodanka yahay, bulshada Soomaalida aftahannadu waa ay ku badan yihiin, sida aftahan lagu noqdaana ma tilmaamana waa si dadban, waxa la dhahaa BOWSI ayuu ku gaadhay hebel aftahamada. Balse, sida YAHAF lagu noqdaa waa waxbarasho tilmaaman, waxbartuhuna kuma koobnaado laqad/af keliya, balse waxa uu kala bartaa dhowr laqad/af, oo uu YAHAF ku noqdaa. Halkaasna waa la kala garan karaa BOWSI-ga iyo BARASHADA, iyo sida labadaba aqoonta ama kasmada laqadka/afka loogu gaadhi karo.

ABSTRACT NOUN = MAGAC DUUNAATIYA

ACCENT = JAWAQ
ACRONYM = MINTIBXAYS

ADDRESS = NEGEL-ka[Hore waxa aan loo kala tiraabin Address & Title]

ADJECTIVE = SITAAN-ta[ Adjectives/Attributes = Sitaamo]
AFFIX = NUDUB
AFFIXATION =NUDUBAYN/NUDUBAYSI

ART = TAAWO-da

ARTIST = TAAWOBILE[ Taawabila-ha/Taawabilu-hu](TAAWOBILA-Dhedig[Taawabila-da/du)

BODY LANGUAGE = AF DULLUBAATIYA

COGNIZE = HAD

COLLOQUAIL = MEERANE

COMMUNICATION = WARGUDASHO/ISGAADHSANAAN/ISGAADHSIISNAAN

CONCEPT = SAANYAD

CONCRETE NOUN = MAGAC DULLUBAATIYA

CONVERSATION = HAASOWTAN

DESCRIPTION = SIFAALLE

DIALECT = LAQBE

DIALOGUE = HAASAAWE

DICTIONARY = SUUD

ELEMENT = CURNE

ELOQUENCE = AFTAHAMO

ELOQUENT = AFTAHAN

ESSAY = INDEEX
EXCLAMATION MARK = SUNTIYAAB [!]

EXPRESSION = IFAALLE

FACTUAL = HALRUMOOD

FICTION = HALAASI

FIGURATIVE = HIGILOOD

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE = LAQAD HIGILOOD AH

FIGURE = HIGIL

FIGURES OF SPEECH = HIGILLO WAXSHEEG
GRAMMAR = GAREEF

GRASP = TAAB

HARMONIC-FLOW = COD-DAREER[e.g. BARE-HA-noqota-BARA-HA/BARU-HU]

IDEA = MADAAB
IDEOLOGY = MADAABKAS
ILLITERACY = MAFARDHABASHO
ILLITERATE = MAFARDHABTE

INSTRUCTION = AQSIIMO-da

INSTRUCTOR = AQSIIYE-ha
INTERJECTION = SAHAD

INTONATION = NUXASHO

JARGON = INTIRAAB/JACBUR/ JAARGON
LANGUAGE = LAQAD
LESSON = DERSI-ga/DERSIYO-da[Ha ku laqbudin DERIS-ka=Neighbour: DERISYO=Neighbours]

LETTER = TIBIX
LEXEME = ARRAHTI
LEXICAL = ARRAHEED

LEXICON = ARRAHSUUD-ka
LEXIS = ARRAH

LINGUIST = YAHAF

LINGUISTIC = YAHAFOOD

LINGUISTICS = YAHAFTAN

LITERARY = SUUGAANOOD

LITERARY POEM = TIX SUUGAANOOD
LITERACY = FARDHABASHO
LITERATE = FARDHABTE

LITERATURE = QORNAANLE

LYRIC = MAANSO

MONOLOGUE = HALSAAWE
MORPHEME = GEDEYNTI
MORPHOLOGY = GEDBIS-ka/GEDBIN-ta

NARRATION = WARAANWARYO

ORAL = ORAF
ORAL SOCIETY = BULSHO ORAFOOD

ORATOR = CODKAR

OUTSPOKEN = ORBAXLE

PARADIGM = MASATUSE
PHONETICS = DHAWAQTAN
PHONEME = DHAWAQTI
PHONOLOGY = DHAWAQKASYO/DHAWAQGARAN

PHRASE = TIBAAX

POETIC = TIXOOD

POETIC DEVICES = DAABAB TIXOOD

POETRY = TIXTIRIS/GABAYTAN

PROSAIC = SOOBAAN

PROSE = TIRAABEED/SOOBAAN

PROSE POEM = TIX TIRAABNIMO/TIX SOOBAANEED

PROSE POETRY = TIXTIRIS (TIRAABNIMO)SOOBAANEED

RECEPIENT LANGUAGE = AFKA GOLAN

RHETOR = DEEXLE

RHETORIC = DEEXASHO

RHETORICAL = DEEXASHOOD

SCIENCE = KASMO /KASMASHO
SCRIPT = DHIGIL
SCRIPTURE = DHIGILDAAB
SEMANTICS = DHADHANTAN
SEMEME = DHADHANTI 
SENSE = DOOC

SLANG = GURAAB
SOCIOLECT = LAQAN/GACALTOOYO DAD U DHEXAYSA
SOCIOLINGUISTICS = YAHAFTAN-BULSHEED

SOUND = JABAQ/JAMAQ

SOURCE LANGUAGE = LAQADKA HORAN

SPEECH = CODBAAN-TA/CODBEYN-TA

STORY = SHEEKO

SYLLABLE = DHAWAAB-ta[Dhawaabo-ha] – Hore waxa loo dhahay ALAN

SYNTACTIC = TAXDIYOOD

SYNTAX = TAXDI

TALE = WARSHEEKO

TERM = TIRAAB – Hore waxa loo dhahay TIBIX

TERMINOLOGY= TIRAABGAN

TERMS OF A POEM = TIRAABO TIXOOD

TEXT = LAFDI-ga [TEXTS= Lafdi-yo]

THEORY = ORDHE-HA – Hore waxa loo dhahay ARAGTI

THEORETICAL = ORDHOOD

THEOREM = ARAGTIIN

THOUGHT = MADAAQ

TITLE = SURAAB-KA[e.g.Midane,Marwo,Boowe,Baayo,]

TONE = NUX-DA

USAGE = DHABADLE
UTTER = HADAAQ
UTTERANCE = HADAQYEEDH

VERBAL = ORAFEED/CODAFEED

VOCABULARY = MIDHAMUUL

VOICE = COD

WORD-COINAGE = EREYBIXIN